VOA special English 16

Why Most Lebanese History Books End at 1943

Vocabulary	Pronunciation	Meaning
publisher (noun)	/ˈpʌblɪʃə/	ผู้พิมพ์ a company or person that prepares and issues books, journals, or music for sale Ex. A commercial music publisher.
textbook (adjective)	/ˈtɛks(t)bʊk/	ตำราเรียน conforming or corresponding to an established standard or type Ex. He had the presence of mind to carry out a textbook emergency descent.
corruption (adverb)	/kəˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/	การนำไปทางชั่ว dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery:the journalist who wants to expose corruption in high places Ex. the journalist who wants to expose corruption in high places
criticize (verb)	/ˈkrɪtɪsʌɪz/	วิพากษ์วิจารณ์ indicate the faults of (someone or something) in a disapproving way Ex. The opposition criticized the government’s failure to consult adequately.
dictation (noun)	/dɪkˈteɪʃ(ə)n/	คำสั่ง the action of dictating words to be typed, written down, or recorded on tape Ex. the dictation of letters
invest (verb)	/ɪnˈvɛst/	ลงทุน put (money) into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit: Ex.The company is to invest £12 m in its manufacturing site at Linlithglow.
secondary (adjective)	/ˈsɛk(ə)nd(ə)ri/	รอง coming after, less important than, or resulting from someone or something else that is primary: Ex. Luck plays a role, but it’s ultimately secondary to local knowledge.
expression (adjective)	/ɪkˈsprɛʃ(ə)n, ɛk-/	การแสดงออก the action of making known one’s thoughts or feelings Ex. The prisoners developed a dialect as an everyday means of expression.